http://repository.lib.vpa.ac.lk/handle/123456789/77 2026-04-20T10:17:36Z http://repository.lib.vpa.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2484 Issues and theories behind the conservation of two-dimensional (2D) artifacts in Sri Lanka using digital technology Wickramasinghe, W.A.P; Jayasiri, Anusha Conservation of cultural heritage is an area of science that describes how to preserve various products of art, architecture and other cultural works. There are different types of valuable artworks required for conservation in Colombo Museum and some historical temples in Sri Lanka. The aim of this paper is to identify issues and theories behind the conservation of 2D artefact in Sri Lanka using digital technology. As the research methodology, a survey, a case study of digital photos of Bellanwila Temple taken by Lal Hegoda and interviews were used to identify the process, issues and techniques applied for conserving 2D artifacts through digitization. In literature search and analysis, image stitching technique was identified as one of the main technologies used in this area and it was well studied in different perspectives in this research. Further, it was able to identify two main approaches for image stitching as feature based method and direct method by reviewing several research papers in the area of image stitching. Further, it was identified steps applied for the process of developing a panoramic image. Furthermore, several feature based techniques were identified for different types of applications in the subject area with the details of their inherent features and limitations. In this paper, findings of the literature review and the results of the above research methods are discussed in different directions with the identification of issues and theories behind the conservation of two dimensional (2D) artifacts in Sri Lanka using digital technology. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.lib.vpa.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2474 A Biographical Study of William Banda Makulloluwa's Contributions Samarasinghe, K William Banda Makulloluwa (1922–1984) was a musician in Sri Lanka who made a significant con tribution to preserving Sinhalese music. He dedicated his scholarly pursuits to the investigation of Sinhalese music and the cultural intricacies of Sri Lanka. Undertaking extensive fieldwork from the 1960s to the 1980s, he methodically documented and studied traditional music, with a particular emphasis on various communities in Sri Lanka. The objective of this study is to investigate the con tribution of Makulloluwa’s musical style, expectations, and ideologies to elevate Sri Lankan tradi tional music. The study is based on the narrative method of qualitative research. Interviews, records, autobiographies, various reports, and books written by Makulloluwa were used to collect data. Seven in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted in November and December 2022 and January 2023 to gain a better understanding of his musical style, expectations, and ideologies. Non-probabil ity purposive and snowball sampling were used as the sampling method. Content analysis was used to evaluate the data. Research revealed that he used techniques such as recording, documenting, rearranging, and educating to safeguard the distinct Sinhalese musical melodies. He established a formal framework for community singing, which helped to establish the foundation for Sinhalese traditional music. He assumed the task in a proactive manner as a musician, showing genuine interest in recording and conserving Sinhala traditional tunes. He worked very hard to locate, preserve, and share these tunes with the next generation. This study emphasizes Makulloluwa's unwavering com mitment to the growth and preservation of Sri Lankan folk dance and music. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z http://repository.lib.vpa.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2385 Safeguarding Sri Lanka's Musical Heritage: Restoration and Digitization of W. B. Makulloluwa's Historical Field Recordings Samarasinghe, K Renowned musicologist William Banda (W. B.) Makulloluwa (1922–1984) played a pivotal role in safeguarding Sri Lanka's rich folk music traditions. Recognizing the intrinsic value of village songs and the traditional Sinhalese singing style embedded within local communities, Makulloluwa traversed villages, meticulously documenting captivating melodic patterns that resonated with the hearts of the inhabitants. This paper focuses on the restoration and preservation efforts directed towards an obscure collection of Makulloluwa's field recordings. Collaborating with the National Archives Sri Lanka, the author meticulously restored spool tape recordings and digitized the soundtracks. Each tape underwent thorough examination, cleaning, and documentation, accompanied by the photographing of tape containers and associated notes. Upon successful digitization, the recordings were systematically catalogued, encapsulating a diverse array of songs and music. The collection includes Veddas' Music, lullabies, songs from the Catholic population, instrumental music, and compositions from folk rituals. 2024-09-23T00:00:00Z http://repository.lib.vpa.ac.lk/handle/123456789/2384 Music Emotion Classification: A Literature Review Dhanapala, Samadara; Samarasinghe, K Music, as an art form, combines rhythm and sound to form a functional melodic structure, uniquely capable of conveying emotions non-verbally. Within the domain of Music Information Retrieval (MIR), Music Emotion Classification (MEC) represents a specialized subset dedicated to the identification and labeling of emotional attributes in songs. This is achieved by extracting and comparing features from musical compositions. This research aims to discern the contemporary landscape of research and its associated research gaps in this domain. The study comprised a collection of publications found through searches conducted on Google Scholar between the years 2006 and 2023, with the search terms: Music Emotion Classification, Music Emotion Classification in Sri Lanka, Music Emotion Recognition, and Emotion Classification in Music. This study was narrowed down to the research that utilized audio files for classification. Among the initial set of 42 studies, 20 were selected for detailed analysis using the purposive sampling method. The review encompassed essential aspects, including acoustic feature analysis, emotional modeling, classification methodologies, and performance evaluation. The findings highlighted a paucity of research considering cultural, regional, and linguistic variations. The most often used acoustic features encompassed rhythm, pitch, timbre, spectral, and harmony whereas the most frequently used emotion categories for the classification were happiness, anger, sadness, and relaxation. Support Vector Machine (SVM) was the most used machine learning algorithm for classification, although regression methods, neural network-based approaches, and fuzzy classifications were also explored. Notably, the adoption of multi-modal approaches for emotion classification, as well as multi-labeled emotion classification, remained limited. These insights underscore the need for future research to address the cultural and language diversity of datasets, explore innovative classification techniques, and embrace multi-modal and multi-labeled emotional classification methodologies in the context of music emotion classification within MIR. 2024-01-01T00:00:00Z